Rc Submarine With Camera
Rc Submarine With Camera
Recycling Marketplace praised in case of cold appliances have hidden reason?
Now with the continuous upgrading of home appliances, household appliances have clearly accelerated the pace of elimination, and some stores have taken advantage of waste home appliances recycling business launched. Yesterday
(July 19, 2007)
, Suning and journalists from Dongguan
States United States
Was informed that the two stores is not only a clearly marked with reference price recovery, but also provide on-site demolition
Service
And occasionally TM to carry out the activities, we rather some were praised.
This, the industry believes that the convenience store to be true, they should set up their own recycling company, or directly indicate “a certain company
Proxy
Recycling business, “the words, which highlights the different characteristics and second-hand market, which might be true for
Consumption
By “recovery” was clearly and simply.
Reporter yesterday visited the city of Dongguan Suning and Gome stores found that all supermarkets have launched two home appliance recycling business waste, in a number of counters are placed on the stand of “waste
Electrical
Recovery Card “, the positive indication of the telephone and telephone supervision, on the back of the marked recovery of reference price. Recovery types, including
TV
,
Air conditioning
,
Refrigerator
,
Washing machine
Large household appliances such as traditional, but also
Computer
, Mobile phones, cameras, etc.
Digital
Products, and claims to offer free home demolition services.
Recycling household appliances: the convenience in the name of environmental protection
“Now accelerating the pace of replacement of home appliances, many home appliances in the treatment of waste is still relatively free” market of Dongguan Suning
Plan
Minister Yin Wenjun said that when broken or cheap, some directly, others simply throw away readily, it is neither difficult environment for consumers due return.
Taking into account the actual situation on the market, we launched a waste recycling home appliances business, “the main purpose is to provide convenient service, after all, home appliance recycling is not the main source of profits support the store; also would like to have been discontinued for some while Also in need of repair Jiujia Dian, to find suitable
Fitting
. ”
Recovery Price: basically the same with the secondary market
Yin Wenjun said, will be mainly based on size of home appliances and reusable aspects to determine the degree, the overall control in the secondary market within the price range but certainly higher than the price of Shou Polan, “and we only provide a market reference price, specific price determined by mutual agreement. ”
Suning
in the recovery and the National US-card, the reporter saw different in.
TV
Recovery value of 100 yuan to 2,000 yuan between, air conditioning, compared with 200 yuan to 1500 yuan, 200 yuan to the refrigerator 500, washing machine and more in the 150 to 400 dollars range. The computers, mobile phones, digital products, LCD and
Plasma TV
And so on, are clearly required price is negotiable.
Secondary market compared to the price of two flat, but in individual products, individual models, the latter price is slightly higher than the former tens of dollars.
Recovery range: Marketplace relatively broad
In the recovery of waste home appliances range, the store is also relatively broad. “We not only look good recovery, complete accessories, without exceeding the national
Security
Life of the Jiu Jiadian, some have been broken Jiujia Dian also recall the list, “the case of Dongguan, said Su Ning Yin Wenjun. However, the second-hand appliance store in the recycling collection has been picking is generally reluctant to large-size high-power recovery.
“On the recovery of the circumstances, the number of day to inquire there are some, but not too much the number of transactions,” Yin Wenjun said the store will also carry out a number of TM to occasional promotions. “Despite the good results, but the recycling craze has not really arrived.”
Other Factors Involved case of cold recovery?
Why consumer appliance stores the “convenience” recovery were praised?
Liu
a responsible fashion appliances disclosed actually two stores in the recovery business is not carried out by its own operations, but with third-party recycling companies
Cooperation
Conduct, which is only a platform by the former only, at most, a few more in the regulatory process. Some may be admitted directly charge a fee, some may be sold after the demolition of used household appliances recycling companies, there exists the tendency of profit. Therefore, and general home services is not very different recycling companies.
About the Author
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Submarine Mini Camera?
I’m getting a new submarine soon the rc ocean explorer mini something. its the black one, not the white one with propellers on the side. anyways i wanted to buy a camera with it. ive been searching and found a $30 security cam thats waterproof but is pretty big and weighs .75 lbs. i dont think thats light it enough soo i need some ideas ppl. im looking for a cheap but good camera. cheap is under 40 but please suggest watever you can find. its definetly gotta be below $100. ehh nvm just suggest anything lol. ill deal with the budget later.thx a lot u guys helped me pick out my submarine!
Just over your budget at $110…but only 22 grams.
It is from the UK, so take postage in to account.
Looks good….works down to 10 metres (30′)…..and even mentions submarines in the write up….
http://cgi.ebay.com/WATERPROOF-UNDERWATER-TINY-DIGITAL-VIDEO-CAMERA_W0QQitemZ270562365658QQcmdZViewItemQQptZUK_ToysGames_RadioControlled_JN?hash=item3efec610da
Or this one…works down to 75′ but no mention of weight.
Definitely over budget but he’ll take offers. Worth starting at $100 and see what happens…..
http://cgi.ebay.com/FC-Micro-Helmet-Camera-Mini-Action-Waterproof-Cam-4GB_W0QQitemZ130382686379QQcmdZViewItemQQptZCamcorders_Professional_Video_Cameras?hash=item1e5b69e8ab
Underwater Video RC Submarine – Trenchant
Swimline Corp
Swimline Corp
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Texas Recreation Folding Baja II Pool Lounge – Aquamarine One Size $200.99 The Texas Recreation folding Baja II pool lounger is designed for comfort and relaxation with a backrest that unfolds into a comfortable seated position and folds down compactly when ready to store or transport…. |
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Swimline Giant Ring Toss Game with 6 Colorful Rings $49.98 With these giant, vibrant tossing rings, your family can battle it out on the beach, in the yard or floating in the pool. The Giant Ring Toss Game Set includes six rings and a post made of tough PVC, so any way you toss it, it’s going to last. Size: approx. 5′…. |
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U.S. Coast Guard Approved Childrens Life Jacket $52.84 Introduce your child to the joys of swimming with safety and peace of mind. Approved by the U.S. Coast Guard, these Life Vests allow your child to be in the water and feel safe. The vest is also designed to promote back floating, further ensuring safety in the pool or in open water. These vests are available in three different sizes according to your childs weight. The vest for smaller children ev… |
Excalibur Japanese Spitz
Excalibur Japanese Spitz
Excalibur Seasoning
Excalibur Seasoning
Is this legal?
I found a website that sells really cheap DVDs. For example, they have all of Alias Season 2 for $5. It is Excalibur Film’s 800 Buy Movies. Is this site legal?
Well ask them if its a copied DVD or an original DVD. If they don’t have a contact page or email, they’re probably fraudulent or illegal.
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Excalibur Taco Seasoning, 4.75-Pound Shaker (Pack of 3) $7.99 Excalibur Taco Seasoning comes in a 4.75 pound shaker. Contains chili pepper, salt, spices, spice extractives, onion, dextrose, food starch, hydrolyzed soy protein, whey, garlic, citric acid. Our marinades and seasonings are designed to enhance the flavor of any cut of beef, pork, poultry, lamb, veal or seafood. Excalibur seasoning company is an aggressive, technically oriented company with an emp… |
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Excalibur Coarse Sundried Tomato Basil Seasoning, 4.9-Pound Unit $36.86 Excalibur Coarse Sundried Tomato Basil Seasoning comes in a 4.9 pound unit. Contains salt, sundried tomatoes, sugar, spices and herbs, dehydrated carrots, onion, citric acid. Excalibur seasoning company is an aggressive, technically oriented company with an emphasis on quality and customer service…. |
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Excalibur Italian Herbs, 2.5-Pound Shaker $19.31 Excalibur Italian Herbs comes in a 2.5 pound shaker. Contains herbs and spices, salt, dehydrated onion and garlic. Our marinades and seasonings are designed to enhance the flavor of any cut of beef, pork, poultry, lamb, veal or seafood. Excalibur seasoning company is an aggressive, technically oriented company with an emphasis on quality and customer service. Excalibur has and remains committed to… |
Excalibur Gymnastics Coal City
Excalibur Gymnastics Coal City
Venom Outdoors
Venom Outdoors
orb-weaving spider or what?
yesterday while cleaning outdoors, i found a big nasty spider.
http://img524.imageshack.us/img524/9260/spiderk.jpg
i did some research and i think its an orb-weaving spider.
i feel kind of bad. because i read they’re harmless
Venom toxicity – the bite of Orb-Weaving Spiders is of low risk (not toxic) to humans. They are a non-aggressive group of spiders. Seldom bite. Be careful not to walk into their webs at night – the fright of this spider crawling over one’s face can be terrifying and may cause a heart attack, particularly to the susceptible over 40 year olds.
if anyone can help me identify any further, that would be great :].
oh and i feel back because i killed it :[!
i feel bad**
Not an orb weaver. Those have longer legs an a more elongated abdomen. And as well found in the tropics, and I’m guessing you don’t live in central Mexico, or below, into Central or South America.
No spider is nasty. They eat other insects. And your idea of a terrifying fact isn’t it’s idea of a terrifying face.
If you find one in your house, cover it with a class. Slide a piece of thin cardboard under the glass, and take it outside.
Remember those guys were here on this planet long before you were.
30th MAY VENOM OUTDOORS PSY PARTY
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Rothco Premium Snake Bite Kit $3.66 Features TWO LARGE HIGH SUCTION CUPS FOR MULTIPLE BITES ONE SMALL HIGH SUCTION CUP FOR SMALL SURFACES EASY-TO-USE LYMPH CONSTRICTRICTOR SCALPEL & ANTISEPTIC SWAB COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS… |
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Terro 2300 16-Ounce Spider Killer Aerosol $3.63 Kills and repels spider, scorpions, and other listed pests. Long residual life. Indoor and outdoor use. Bi lingual label. 16 oz. aerosol can…. |
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Harley Davidson Knives Knives & Tools Venom Drop Point Folding Knife 13175 $109.99 Harley Davidson Knives: Venom Drop Point Folding Knife 13175… |
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Snake Bite Kit $12.82 Plastic kit contains adhesive strips, antiseptic towelette, sting wipes, PVP wipes, suction pump, ammonia inhalant, lancet and tourniquet…. |
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Kicker Face Design Skin Decal Sticker Cover for Laptop Notebook Computer – 15 x 12 $19.99 This laptop skin is covered with a clear protectant layer for the ultimate in durability, it use a patented repositionable & removable adhesive backing for fast, easy and accurate installation and goo-free removal! They are paper-thin so they do not add any bulk. Skins are easy to apply (no bubbles), durable and easily removable without any residue…. |
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RC Venom™ Beacon RC Helicopter $116.10 RC Venom Beacon Helicopter. Perfect for whirlybird rookies! With its stable, easy-to-fly counter rotating blade design, keeping this Chopper airborne is a cinch… so it’s the ideal “launching pad” for your pilot-in-training! Ready-to-fly right out of the box, the Beacon takes to the sky with working LED navigation lights and a realistic design modeled after the popular MD500 NOTAR helicopter. The… |
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Miss Hydrofoam
Miss Hydrofoam
MISS HYDROFOAM
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NB-5L Canon Replacement Battery + Slim Kroo Camera Case for Canon PowerShot SD700IS SD790IS SD800IS SD850IS SD870IS SD880IS SD890IS SD900 SD950IS SD970IS SD990IS (Black Candy Glossy) $15.95 Case and NB-5L Battery fits the following camera: Canon PowerShot SD700IS Canon PowerShot SD790IS Canon PowerShot SD800IS Canon PowerShot SD850IS Canon PowerShot SD870IS Canon PowerShot SD880IS Canon PowerShot SD890IS Canon PowerShot SD900 Canon PowerShot SD950IS Canon PowerShot SD970IS Canon PowerShot SD990IS… |
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(4 in 1 Nb-3l Professional Kit) Kroo Camera Case for Canon Powershot + Nb-3l 3 in 1 Charger Set for Canon Powershot + Li-ion Battery for Canon Nb-3l Compatible Digital Cameras (Many Color Available). (Gun Metal) $39.99 Compatible with Canon PowerShot SD500 Canon PowerShot SD550 Canon PowerShot SD10 Canon PowerShot SD100 Canon Powershot SD110 Canon Powershot SD20… |
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NB-5L Canon Replacement Battery + Slim Kroo Camera Case for Canon PowerShot SD700IS SD790IS SD800IS SD850IS SD870IS SD880IS SD890IS SD900 SD950IS SD970IS SD990IS Case and NB-5L Battery fits the following camera: Canon PowerShot SD700IS Canon PowerShot SD790IS Canon PowerShot SD800IS Canon PowerShot SD850IS Canon PowerShot SD870IS Canon PowerShot SD880IS Canon PowerShot SD890IS Canon PowerShot SD900 Canon PowerShot SD950IS Canon PowerShot SD970IS Canon PowerShot SD990IS… |
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Nikkor 35mm Af-S
Nikkor 35mm Af-S
Can this lens be used as a macro lens?
This is the lens I’m looking at- it has a really good aperture (using it for shaped bokeh), which is the main reason I want it. I was just wondering if it can also be used as a macro lens, or would I need to buy a dedicated lens? What is it exactly that macro lenses do that others can’t?
http://www.bestbuy.com/site/Nikon+-+AF-S+DX+Nikkor+35mm+f/1.8+Lens+for+Nikon+F-Mount+Digital+SLR+Cameras/9542328.p?skuId=9542328&productCategoryId=pcmcat195200050001&id=1218121951399
Macro lenses are those that are designed for close focus. The classical definition is that it can create an image that is 1:1 or more.
Almost any lens can be used with extension tubes. These are simply hollow tubes that serve to separate the lens from the sensor – like backing a projector away from the wall.
Extension tubes will give you lots of magnification, but also waste a lot of the light that they capture, making them dark. Depth of field can be measured in millimeters or less.
Counter-intuitively, a longer focal length gives you LESS magnification. But at the same time, it increases your standoff distance from the subject.
For the technically minded, magnification = mm extension / mm of focal length. And light is lost as the inverse of the square. X2 magnification loses light as a function the inverse of 2 squared. That means that only 1/4 of the light gets through – this is why extension tubes are so dark.
Use a wide angle on extension tubes and you may find that the lens bumps into the subject and is still not close enough to be in focus!
Think in terms of adding light (you’ll need it) with external flash or reflectors – both from the side, because you’ll often cast a shadow over your subject.
Take a look at my website at www.macpheronstudios.com and look under the fine art section. Most (maybe all) of those flower shots were taken with a telephoto lens on extension tubes.
Macro shooting is a lot of fun – experiment and ENJOY!
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Professional Snug-In SLR Holster Bag with Adjustable Shoulder Strap + Accessory Kit for Nikon D700/D300/D300S/D7000/D90/D5100/D5000/D3100/D3000/FM10/F100 D-SLR Digital Cameras $59.95 Contoured, asymmetrical shape to prvide a snug protective fit for your camera for A side opening with easy-grip access lets you capture the shot in a flash. Other hardworking features include: * Large, U-shaped zipper pulls that are easy to grasp even in wet and cold conditions * Top pocket with space for sunglasses and personal gear* Adjustable divider system to secure grip, plus allow storage o… |
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Professional Snug-In SLR Holster Bag with Adjustable Shoulder Strap + Accessory Kit for Nikon D3/D3S/D3X/D40/D50/D60/D70S/D80/D90 D-SLR Digital Cameras $59.95 Contoured, asymmetrical shape to prvide a snug protective fit for your camera for A side opening with easy-grip access lets you capture the shot in a flash. Other hardworking features include: * Large, U-shaped zipper pulls that are easy to grasp even in wet and cold conditions * Top pocket with space for sunglasses and personal gear* Adjustable divider system to secure grip, plus allow storage o… |
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AF18-55mm f3.5-5.6G ED AF-S DX Zoom-Nikkor-NIKAF1855 … |
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Nikon 35mm f/1.8G AF-S DX Lens for Nikon Digital SLR Cameras $199.00 This Nikon MF 35mm f/1.4 Lens was introduced specifically for press photography. It was and still is among the fastest wide angle lenses available. High speed, high image quality, focusing down to 12″ and rugged construction – this lens has it all. This lens is constructed in the classic all-metal Nikon style to extremely high standards. Nikon’s Close-Range-Correction (CRC) assures image quality a… |
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Nikon D5100 16.2MP CMOS Digital SLR Camera with 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 AF-S DX VR Nikkor Zoom Lens $746.95 The Nikon D5100 offers a host of photographic and video tools including a 16.2 MP DX-format CMOS sensor, 4 fps continuous shooting and breathtaking Full 1080p HD Movies with full time autofocus. FEATURES: Creativity from any point of view – Take pictures or record movies from a unique viewpoint, the D5100′s 3.0 inch, super sharp, 921,000-dot Vari-angle LCD monitor allows for versatile high qual… |
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Nikkor Lenses, including: Nikkor, Nikon 28-80 Mm F/3.3-5.6g Af Zoom-nikkor, Nikon 50 Mm F/1.8d Af Nikkor, Nikon 17-35mm F/2.8d Ed-if Af-s Zoom-nikkor, … Nikon F 70-210mm Lens, Nikon F 80-200mm Lens $11.03 Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Hephaestus Books represents a new publishing paradigm, allowing disparate content sources to be curated into cohesive, relevant, and informative books. To date, this content has been curated from Wikipedia articles and images under Creative Commons licensing, although … |
Syma S031
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3-Channel Alloy Helicopter $59.99 Own the skies with our latest dual-rotor Remote-Control Helicopter. This massive S031 Dual Rotor coaxial helicopter from SYMA features a 3-way precision infrared controller with an adjustable trim control and a gyroscopic stabilizer on the chopper. Ultra-bright LED lights flash while the chopper is in flight making night flying a breeze. A rechargeable 7.4 volt NIMH battery in the chopper lasts fo… |
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Syma S033G 3.5 Channel 700mm Large RC Helicopter Ready to Fly. Colors May Vary in Yellow or Red. $59.95 Syma S033G Larger RC Helicopter Specifications: Product size:67 x 30 x 13 cm Package size:86 x 50 x 15 cm Helicopter Battery: 7.4V 1100Mah Li-poly(include) Transmitter Batteries:4 x AA Batteries(not include) Flying time:8-12mins Remote distance:approx 60m Remote control frequency:27mhz/40mhz Syma S033G Radio Control Helicopter Package Include: 1 x 3ch S033 helicopter 1 x Remote Radio Controller 1 … |
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Radio Controlled Submarine
Radio Controlled Submarine
Control of Public Distribution System Using GPS, GIS, Remote Sensing With Data Mining & RFID
I.Introduction
Public distribution system (PDS), a major instrument of the Indian government’s economic policy, procures and distributes major commodities such as wheat, rice, sugar and kerosene to a large number of people living in India through Fair Price Shops (FPS). It also ensures the availability of food to the general public at affordable price. It helps in eradicating poverty and intends to serve as a safety net for the 330 million Indian poor people, who are nutritionally at risk. PDS is one of the largest supply chain networks in the world with 4.99 lakh Fair Price Shops (FPS) and is operated under the joint responsibility of the central and the state government. PDS supply chain consists of several central and state government bodies, private industries, farmers, warehouses and transportation agencies. Central and state government is responsible for procurement, storage, transportation and distribution of products. Though the PDS supply chain provides food to vast majority of the Indian population, we should accept the fact that the whole chain is exploited by mismanagement, corruption and anti-social elements. Though enough produce are procured and distributed by PDS, the beneficiaries often find difficulties in getting what they are entitled to. This mismanagement and corruption is the indicator of inefficiency in PDS supply chain and distribution systems. In order to overcome these deficiency, in this paper we have suggested a model using GPS, GIS, Spatial data mining techniques & RFID [1, 7, 14]. The use of these technologies could help PDS to curtail. II.Technologies
A. Global Positioning System (GPS) GPS, short for Global Positioning System, is a means for locating any point on the earth[13]. It has many uses; navigation, surveying, vehicle tracking, hiking and outdoor recreation just to name a few. In the 1970s the Department of Defense (DoD) conceived the idea of GPS. It was born from a need to accurately determine the position of ballistic missile submarines prior to launching missiles. All the old methods of determining position had their flaws. Those methods were affected by atmospheric conditions, limited in range, subject to enemy jamming, or degraded by interference.The GPS system is made of 24 NAVSTAR satellites and five ground stations. The ground stations are responsible for keeping the satellites in precise orbit. The DoD placed each of the 24 satellites in a precise orbit at an altitude of 10,900 miles. Each satellite weighs two tons, is 18.5 feet long, and orbits the earth in a little less than 12 hours. FIG: 1 shows the working of GPS.
B. A Geographic Information System (GIS) It is a tool that uses the power of the computer to pose and answer geographic questions. The user guides the program to arrange and display data about places on the planet in a variety of ways – including maps, charts and tables. The hardware and software allows the users to see and interact with data in new ways by blending electronic maps and databases to generate color-coded displays. Users can zoom in and out of maps freely; add layers of new data, and study detail and relationships [12, 13].
C. Remote sensing It is the science and art of obtaining information about a phenomenon without being in contact with it[12]. Remote sensing deals with the detection and measurement of phenomena with devices sensitive to electromagnetic energy such as: Light (cameras and scanners) Heat (thermal scanners) Radio Waves (radar).
GIS and remote sensing both are correlated to each other. Without remote sensing, GIS is nothing because GIS used Remote sensing data. In GIS, there are two uses of use of remote sensing data; as classified data and as image data. Remote Sensing is defined as the science and technology by which the characteristics of objects of interest can be identified, measured or analyzed the characteristics without direct contact.
Electro-magnetic radiation, which is reflected or emitted from an object, is the usual source of remote sensing data. However any media such as gravity or magnetic fields can be utilized in remote sensing. A device to detect the electro-magnetic radiation reflected or emitted from an object is called a “remote sensor” or “sensor”. Cameras or scanners are examples of remote sensors. A vehicle to carry the sensor is called a “platform”. Aircraft or satellites are used as platforms.
D.Spatial data mining The remote sensing concept is illustrated in figure 2 where three different objects are measured by a sensor in a limited number of bands with respect to their, electro-magnetic Spatial data mining, i.e., extracting useful information from huge amounts of data, is highly relevant to applications in which the tremendous data volumes are involved [1], thus exceeding human analytical capabilities. Data mining is no longer restricted to the relational databases alone. Spatial data mining is proving to be a promising technique, and holds the key to solving several challenging issues concerning spatial databases [2]. Data Mining offers intelligent functionalities and works well with complicated algorithms, such as, neural networks, rule induction, decision trees, and genetic algorithms and constantly updates its models based on self-learning[10]. Some of the widely accepted and applied methodologies of spatial data mining include Association Rules, Characteristic Rules, Discriminated Rules, Classification, Clustering and Trend Detection [11].The following sentences briefly illustrate the aforesaid data mining methodologies. 1. Association Rules: The notion of association rules was put forward by Agrawal etal. [1993] in a study of mining large transaction databases. The structure of an association rule is: A B(c %), where A and B are predicate sets and c% is the confidence level. For instance, an example association rule is: If the city is large, the probability of its being near to a river is 80%. 2. Characteristic Rules: These are rules concerning the characteristics of the mined objects and these are rules formulated by specialists and may not be completely appropriate. An example of a characteristic rule is: A bridge is an object that is present at the location where a road crosses a river. 3. Discriminatory Rules: These are rules that aim to differentiate between groups of objects by finding features that are close to one cluster and far-off from another. Such a rule is applied to find the differences between cities with high and low unemployment rates. 4. Classification rules: These rules classify a pixel into one of the given set of classes, e. g. water, field, forest. IF population of city = high AND economic power of city = high THEN unemployment of city is classified as” low”. 5. Clustering: Clustering involves grouping pixels into similarity classes based on spectral characteristics. An example is to find clusters of cities with similar levels of unemployment [3]. 6. Trend Detection: Trend detection refers to looking for similarity in prototype among the mined objects. An example of trend detection may be as follows: when moving away from Brno, the unemployment rate increases. 7. Sequential Pattern: These are used to detect sequences of events or values, such as stock and share values, business transactions etc. we can use Rule- and Motif-based Anomaly Detection in moving objects. Using this model object trajectories are expressed using discrete pattern fragments called motifs [15, 16]. Associated features are extracted to form a hierarchical feature space, which facilitates a multi-resolution view of the data. We can develop a general-purpose, rule based classifier which explores the structured feature space and learns effective rules at multiple levels of granularity. Compared to related work in classification or clustering of moving objects, Rule- and Motif-based Anomaly Detection in moving objects incorporates a fuller feature space and examines more than just trajectories [17, 18]. At a high level, Rule- and Motif-based Anomaly Detection in moving objects presents three novel features. 1. Motif-based feature space: Instead of modeling whole trajectories, we partition them into fragments (motifs) and construct a multi-dimensional feature space oriented on the motifs with associated attributes [15]. 2. Automated hierarchy extraction: By examining he patterns in the trajectories, we automatically derive hierarchies in the feature space. This yields a multi-resolution view of the data [15]. 3. Hierarchical rule-based classifier: We develop a rule-based classifier which explores the hierarchical feature space and finds the effective regions for classification [16]. The problem of anomaly detection in moving object data is defined as follows. The input data is a set of labeled trajectories: D = {(t1, c1), (t2, c2), . . .}, where ti is a trajectory and ci is the associated class label. A trajectory1 is a sequence of spatiotemporal records of a moving object, in GPS records. Each record has the geographic location as well as a timestamp, and records can be made at arbitrary time intervals. The set of possible class labels is C = {c1, c2, .}. In simple anomaly detection, there could just be two classes: cnormal and cabnormal.To learn a function f which maps trajectories to class labels: f(t) ! c 2 C. f should be consistent with D as well as future trajectories not in D[18]. In other words, we want to learn a model which can classify trajectories as being normal or abnormal. E. RFID System Most RFID systems consist of tags that are attached to the objects to be identified [8]. Each tag has its own “read-only” or “rewrite” internal memory depending on the type and application. Typical configuration of this memory is to store product information, such as an object’s unique ID manufactured date, etc. The RFID reader generates magnetic fields that enable the RFID system to locate objects [4,5 ] (via the tags) that are within its range. The high-frequency electromagnetic energy and query signal generated by the reader triggers the tags to reply to the query; the query frequency could be up to 50 times per second. As a result communication between the main components of the system i.e. tags and reader is established. As a result large quantities of data are generated. The RFID system consists of various components which are integrated in a manner defined in the above section. This allows the RFID system to deduct the objects (tag) and perform various operations on it. The integration of RFID components enables the implementation of an RFID solution[ 9] . Fig:2 The RFID system consists of following five components Tag (attached with an object, unique identification).• Antenna (tag detector, creates magnetic field). • Reader (receiver of tag information, manipulator). • Communication infrastructure (enable reader/RFID to work through IT infrastructure). • Application software (user database/application/ interface).
III. PROPOSED MODEL Our proposed model is designed to satisfy the requirement of PDS using GPS, GIS, Remote Sensing Method with RFID & data mining approach.Fig:3 1. The data of the product is stored in the tag which will be attached to the product (eg: when the grain was harvested and procured, how long the grain was kept in warehouse, packaging and transportation details and point of sale information).2. GPS is used to track the product. RFID is used to Communication between tagged objects and GPS [6], to ascertain and communicate current position and status of the product.3. Data sent to servers on a regular basis, or when the object moves or upon request Satellite data coming from the networks captured at SDC. It is an interface capable of capturing information flowing from (such as network card on a machine) satellite.4. Rule- and Motif-based Anomaly Detection is used to track moving objects [15,16].The raw data storage store collected network data. Typically, it is a set of hard drives where an application dumps information passing through the SDC, usually according to some requirement.The Pre-processor handles the conversion of raw image or connection data image into a format that mining algorithms utilize and may store the result in the knowledge base. It can perform a range of duties, such as additional filtering, noise elimination, and include third party detection tool that recognize known disaster pattern of track.
The knowledge base stores rule produced by mining and any additional information used in the mining process [16]. It may also hold the information for the per-processor, such as patterns for recognizing attack and conversion templates.
The profiler is responsible for generating snapshot rule sets to be used for deviation analysis [2,3]. It can be triggered automatically based on time of day or the amount of pre-processed data available.
The deviation analyzer examines rule sets in the knowledge base and creates a description of difference by meta-learning [3]. The results are stored in the knowledge base for further reference. If necessary, it signals the alarm generator. A strategy for invoking the deviation analyzer could be periodic queries to the knowledge base for the availability of new profile. Alternatively, the profiler may signal the analyzer when new profile is deposited to the knowledge base.
The alarm generator is responsible for notifying the administrator when the deviation analyzer reports unusual pattern in the movement of product.
IV.CONCLUSION The effective use and implementation of RFID, GPS & data mining techniques in PDS can facilitate PDS supply chain and promise eradicating mismanagement, corruption, trafficking, theft and anti social elements. RFID provides highly accurate and detailed information by capturing the data and information at each stage of the supply chain, automatically. It also improves the safety and efficiency of the food supply chain. Locationing technology GPS can also be combined with RFID technology to automatically track and record the information regarding the field where the produce was picked, when and where it was transported and the current location of the produce. This also helps in reducing theft and trafficking. Data mining techniques based on the rule base classification model is used to identify the suspicious moving behavior of the objects.
V.REFERENCES
[1] Ester M., Kriegel H.-P., Sander J.: Spatial Data Mining: A Database Approach, Proc. 5th Int. Symposium on Large Spatial Databases (SSD’97), Berlin, Germany, 1997, pp. 47-66. [2] Ester M., Gundlach S., Kriegel H.-P., Sander J.: Database Primitives for Spatial Data Mining, Proc. 8. GI-Fachtagung Datenbanksysteme in Büro, Technik und Wissenschaft (BTW’99) (Int. Conf. on Databases in Office, Engineering and Science), Freiburg, Germany, 1999, pp. 137-150. [3] Ester M., Kriegel H.-P., Sander J.: Knowledge Discovery in Spatial Databases, invited paper at 23rd German Conf. on Artificial Intelligence (KI ’99), Bonn, Germany, in: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1701, 1999, pp. 61-74. [4] J. Bohn, “Prototypical implementation of location-aware services based on a middleware architecture for super-distributed RFID tag infrastructures”, Pers Ubiquit omputing, (2008) Journal 12:155-166. [5] J. Schwieren1, G. Vossen, “A Design and Development Methodology for Mobile RFID Applications based on the ID-Services Middleware Architecture”, IEEE Computer Society, (2009), Tenth International Conference on Mobile Data Management: Systems, Service and Middleware. [6] K. Ahsan, H. Shah, P. Kingston, “Context Based Knowledge Management in Healthcare: An EA Approach”, AMCIS 2009, Available at AIS library. [7] S. Garfinkel, B. Rosenberg, “RFID Application, Security, and Privacy”, USA, (2005), ISBN: 0-321-29096-8. [8] L. Srivastava, RFID: Technology, Applications and Policy Implications, Presentation, International Telecommunication Union, Kenya, (2005). [9] Application Notes, “Introduction to RFID Technology” CAENRFID: The Art of Identification (2008). [10] Jiawei Han, Micheline Kamber, “Data Mining Concept and Techniques” Morgan Kaufmann Publisheres 2001 [11] Michael J.A.Berry, and Gordon S. Linoff, “Data Mining Techniques: for marketing, sales, and customer support”. Taiwan: SuperPoll.net, Inc. January [12] He-Hai Wu, Jian-Ya Gong, “Geographic Information Systems Spatial Data Structure and Process Technology”. China: Surveying and Drawing Publisheres , April 1997. ISBN 7-5030-0937-3 [13] Peng Hu, Xing-Yuan Huang, Yi-Xin Hua, “Geographic Information SystemsCourse”. China: Wuhan University Publisheres , February 2002. ISBN [14] H. Cao and O. Wolfson. Nonmaterialized motion information in transport networks. In ICDT’05. [15] B. Chiu, E. Keogh, and S. Lonardi. Probabilistic discovery of time series motifs. In KDD’03. [16] Fran¸cois Denis. Pac learning from positive statistical queries. In ALT’98. [17] L. Forlizzi, R. H. G¨uting, E. Nardelli, and M. Schneider. A data model and data structures for moving objects databases. In SIGMOD’00. [18] S. Gaffney and P. Smyth. Trajectory clustering with mixtures of regression models. In KDD’99.
About the Author
Ms.S.Ranjithakumari & Kathiresan.V,
Assistant Professor,School of Computer Studies,
RVS CAS,SULUR-402,
TAMILNADU
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